Sapphires and rubies are among the most coveted gemstones, each celebrated for their vibrant hues and exceptional durability. A common inquiry that arises is: Can sapphires be red? To address this, it's essential to delve into the mineralogical distinctions between these two gems.
Understanding Corundum: The Parent Mineral
Both sapphires and rubies are varieties of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide. In its pure form, corundum is colorless; however, the presence of trace elements during its formation imparts various colors to the crystals. This shared composition grants both gemstones exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, making them ideal for everyday wear in jewelry.
Color Variations: What Defines a Ruby and a Sapphire?
The distinction between a ruby and a sapphire primarily hinges on color:
Rubies: The rich red hue of rubies is due to the presence of chromium. The intensity of red can vary, with the most prized rubies exhibiting a deep, vibrant red often referred to as "pigeon's blood."
Sapphires: While blue is the most recognized color for sapphires, they can occur in a spectrum of colors, including pink, yellow, green, and purple. These variations, known as "fancy sapphires," result from trace elements like iron and titanium. Notably, any corundum gemstone that isn't red is classified as a sapphire.
The Red Sapphire Misconception
Given that both rubies and sapphires are derived from corundum, it's understandable why some might wonder if a red sapphire exists. However, by gemological standards, red corundum is exclusively classified as ruby. Therefore, a "red sapphire" is, in fact, a ruby. This classification is universally accepted in the gemstone industry.
Pink Sapphires: The Color Spectrum
The transition between pink sapphires and rubies can sometimes be subtle, leading to debates over classification. The distinction between a ruby and a pink sapphire is not always clear-cut, as it depends on the saturation and hue of the color. In some cases, a gemstone may be classified as a ruby in one region and a pink sapphire in another.
Conclusion
In summary, while sapphires encompass a wide range of colors, they do not include red. Red corundum is designated as ruby. Understanding this distinction is crucial for gemstone enthusiasts and buyers, ensuring clarity in identification and appreciation of these precious stones.
